===== THEMIS general technical description ===== Last Update December 2024 THEMIS is a versatile solar/planetary telescope that can be used in daylight for solar or bright objects observations, or at night for fainter objects. THEMIS handle the (extremely) wide range of available light energy flux through a dedicated light distribution detailed below. \\ The figure opposite presents a diagram with diverse functional blocks of THEMIS systems. A more realistic cartoon (although simplified) of the light-path within THEMIS is presented hereafter. Below is a description of each of THEMIS functional blocks. \\ Text in orange indicates to interested THEMIS users the available observing options (if any) on each particular system. \\ Text in blue highlights a data product and shall redirect to the dedicated [[observation:data|THEMIS data products webpage]]. ==== 1. Telescope Assembly ==== Information on mirror and general description to be added The telescope optical path has been modified in 2018 to allow for the simplification of the transfer optics F1 -> F2'. The secondary mirror has been refigured, together with a change of the exit window (now an exit lens with optical power and positive chromatic effects). The main resulting characteristics are a new f/16.58 F1 (quite close to the former version), and a new position (lower on) for this focus. \\ No user option available here. ==== 1'. Polarimetric analyser ==== Information to be added ==== 2. Full-Sun or nighttime guider ==== Status of Nighttime guider?\\ Depending on the period of observations, two type of guiders are available, Full-Sun or nighttime guiders. == Full-sun guider == A full-sun guider has been setup on the telescope outer ring of the heat protection, near the 1m entrance plate. It uses a 45/500 mm objective, an Herschel prism, a neutral filter, a green continuum 540nm photosphere filter, and a ZWO ASI 178 mono (2kx3k) CMOS camera. The image from this camera is an available data product [[observation:data#Full-sun guider images| (cf. THEMIS data products)]]. The full-sun guider image is always available in the control room of THEMIS . Please note that given the location of the entrance pupil and depending on the telescope/dome relative positions, this guider may be momentarily obscured by the dome edge(for less than 30 seconds in any circumstance). /* This is signaled on the guider monitor, and no premature conclusion shall be drawn if this image goes dark during a manual offset of the telescope.*/ \\ == nighttime guider == A nighttime guider can be used for nighttime observations (although not mandatory).. It is the historical/last full-sun guider. The guider images can be obtains thanks to the insertion of a small extra mirror in the light path above the M1 mirror. This creates a dark indentation over the telescope pupil, which cannot be allowed for solar AO operation : the pupil shall be as free as possible of any obscuration. A motor (EM19) is used to drive in or out this mirror and normal position for solar observation is now OUT. === 3. F2' instrumentation === To be completed \\ === 4. Adaptive Optics correction === See the dedicated page about the [[themis:technical:tao|THEMIS adaptive optics]] === 5. OBJ2 field scanning === === 6. Beam splitters === We currently have no unique solution for a feeding a context camera in all the possible situations of flux. This is why we setup a translation stage with the following beam-splitting options: * **Passthrough** (100% transmitted, 0% reflected). This option is for planetary and stellar spectropolarimetry requesting 100% of the flux to the spectrograph. Obviously there is no light on the context camera, but there is light on the slitjaw camera with a mirror decker slit, providing a low quality image of the field,and showing the slit position. * **plain lambda/10 mirror** (0% transmitted, 100% reflected).This option is suitable for pure imaging program of (preferably) faint objects. It is also an engineering mode for tuning the adaptive optics NCP abberations. * **Custom wideband beamsplitter (BS)** (80% transmitted, 20% reflected over 400-1100 nm). This option allows the context camera to run in parallel with the spectrograph, providing a high quality field image together with the spectropolarimetric analysis. The ratio 20/80 is choosen because the 2nd surface coating of the BS plate shall provoke a (displaced) 2nd image in the range 0.5 to 1%, hence a ratio 20 to 40 with the first surface, requested to safely ignore this issue. * **Pellicle** (96% transmitted, 4% reflected, wide band). This option is offered as a backup in the case the BS would not work properly; Pellicles have no 2nd image and a much larger transmitted fraction, the reflected 4% is largely enough to feed the context camera. However they have a poor optical quality and cannot be used for tuning the AO for NCP abberations. We recommend the user to choose one configuration for the whole run, as for now the amount of refocusing and adjusting the flux on the camera after a change is not precisely known. **7. Beam splitters filters**\\ Our 3 beamsplitting options are splitting on a wideband and with very different range of flux. A choice of broad band inteference filters and matching neutral densities to suit a particular request is available (list under construction). **8. Context camera**\\ Context camera is currently a 2kx2k Andor Zyla (refs). Acqusition system and post-processing are available, **//specs TBW//** **9. F2 spectrograph slit**\\ We currently offer 2 slit configuration: * a mecanical adjustble slit * a 45° mirror slit The mechanical slit is the "historic" Themis slit (since 2004 at least), and is suitable for solar observation. If the context camera is used, then the fov image is available and this slit can be used, with the advantage that it is continuously adjustable to any width.\\ The 45° slit is primarily for faint objects observations that require 100% of the incoming light to be sent to the specrograph. In this case, the context camera is useless. This mirror decker diverts all the light that does not enter the spectrogaph to a side slitjaw camera. This camera can then provide the fov image, with the actual slit superimposed. **10. Slitjaw filters** **11. Slitjaw camera** Currently a Pixelink PLA720 showing the full 2' field on a 1280x1024 max resolution **//specs TBW//** **12. Spectrographs** **13. Spectral cameras** * 6 EMCCD Andor iXon DV897\ \ \ \ {{:call22:andor-emccd-ixon897.pdf| (iXon tech specs)}} \\ These are our first batch of moderm cameras, still very useful and mandatory for Mercury observations. A typical setup on these camera with a standard de-magnification will give a spectral pixel of ~ 0.0123 A/px (12.3 mA/px), and a spatial pixel of ~0.234 "/px; the full spectral range on the detector is about 6.3 A , * 2 sCMOS Andor Zyla 4.2 Plus\ \ \ {{:call22:zyla-4.2-specifications-physical-science.pdf| (Zyla tech specs)}} \\ Our Zylas are interfaced and tested, both optomechanically and as to software, but they haven't been yet used for science at this moment. A typical setup shall give a spatial pixel of ~ 0.06" and a corresponding spectral pixel about 3mA/px, which may be preferable to rebin (by a factor of 2 at least) in the lambda direction. Spectrograph cameras are at the "camera focii", which differ from the spectrograph focus ("SP2" focus), because the focal scale of the latter is way too large for the spectral image to fit over modern detectors. The de-magnification comes with a turn in the geometry: the SP2 output is directed toward the ceiling of the spectrograph, but the cameras are on a horizontal beam. The optical assy performing this function is call "barette" (in french) and tuning the barettes is a part of the user's setup. Typical de-magnification assuming the complete spatial field is on the detector is: ~3.8 for an iXon camera and ~2.25 for a Zyla. These numbers hold in spectroscopic or spectropolarimetric mode, but for spectropolarimetry the spatial field is reduced (stopped at the F2) to make space on the detector for the dual beam polarimetric output. {{:call22:functional_flowchart.png?direct}}\\ Functional flowchart of THEMIS systems [[https://www.themis.iac.es/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=themis.png|{{https://www.themis.iac.es/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=themis.png?300}}]] \\ Simplified diagram of THEMIS optical path (spectrograph not represented). \\ {{:call22:bs.png?direct}} \\ {{:call22:f2_slit_conf.png?direct}} \\ /* {{:call22:functional_flowchart.png | click to enlarge}} {{:themis.png?300| click to enlarge}} [[https://www.themis.iac.es/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=call22:functional_flowchart.png|{{https://www.themis.iac.es/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=call22:functional_flowchart.png}}]] */ ---- © 2024 CNRS-THEMIS
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